The great ancient civilizations of Egypt and West Africa traveled to the Americas, contributing immensely to early American civilization by importing the art of pyramid building, political systems and religious practices as well as mathematics, writing and a sophisticated calendar. Joan, Eahr Amelia. Are you ready to meet us and our scholars in the public so that the world may see who is a liar and who is telling the truth? 9.45. In describing the Olmec head, Melgar wrote that what astonished me was the Ethiopic [Black African] type which it represents. 7 0 obj BLACK AFRICAS HISTORY This book was salvational in many ways at the time of its publication. Such incredible nautical achievements are not as daunting as they seem, given that Speaking specifically about the African influence on the Olmec culture, historian Zecharia Sitchin provides this view: It is an embarrassing enigma, because it challenges scholars and prideful nationalists to explain how people from, In a world accustomed to suppressing, distorting, ignoring or denying the achievements of Black Africans it is difficult to accept the historical paradigm shift mandated by the evidence presented here. Raboteau has said, all African-American study "speaks to the deeper meaning of the African-American presence in this nation. In the following account the authors Anthony D. Hill, associate professor of drama at The Ohio State University, and Douglas Q. Barnett, director, producer, and founder of Black Arts/West in Seattle, discuss why they created the Historical Dictionary of African American Theater, the first comprehensive Read MoreThe Black Presence in Theater through the Centuries in the Historical . One of these articles, African Popes, discussed the lives of the three African pontiffs: St. Victor I (189-199), St. Miltiades (311-314) and St Other scholars contend that numerous navigators sailed to the Americas from West Africa when the medieval empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay flourished in that region. For example, there are hand-shaped incense spoons found in Olmec sites that are almost identical to their Eyptian counterparts and have similar names. Collosal head of Afro-Olmec (Xi) warrior-king, circa 1100 B.C. Readers should also consider the following 10 books that filled in this or that piece of the African jigsaw: Charles S. Finch, The Star of Deep Beginnings, US, Khenti, 1998. They appear to represent priest-kings who ruled vast territories in Mesoamerica [Mexico and Central America] during the Olmec period, which is to be considered later herein. 7-The Underrepresentation of African American Female, The Olmecs: An African Presence in Early America (In Celebration of Black History Month) By Paul A. Barton The Perspective February 28, 2001 According to an archeologist who recently participated in archeological work in Mexico, One of the most ancient civilizations in the Americas, the Black (Negritic) Olmecs developed a calendar that goes To begin with, and as a significant example, a Feb. 15, 1986, report carried by the, chronicled that: "The oldest Stone Age hut in Japan has been unearthed near Osaka. Loewen, James A. ), Some of the Olmec sculptures depicting human beings are so decidedly Negroid that many scholars long thought that the indigenous Olmec culture itself was of Black origin. and the Mandingo-Songhay trading voyages (from early fourteenth to late fifteenth century). stream He furthermore cites a document of Francisco Nunez Vega (1691), who describes an ancient calendar found in Chiapas that mentions seven negritos representing the seven planets.9. The following is recorded in Raccolta, part I, volume I: Columbus wanted to find out what the Indians of Espanola had told him, that had come from the south and southeast, [N]egro people who brought those spear points made of a metal which they call guanin, of which he had sent samples to the king and queen for assay and which was found to have 32 parts 18 of gold, 6 of silver, and 8 of copper.1 Curious about the validity of this story, Columbus did indeed send samples of these spears back on a mail ship to Spain to be examined, and it was found that the ratio of properties of gold, copper, and silver alloy were identical to the spears then being forged in African Guinea.2, In a book on the life of Columbus, his son, Ferdinand, reported that his father saw Black people himself when he reached the region just north of the country today called Honduras. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The Olmec an African Presence in Early America, Early America Revisited Paperback. "A landmark . ), Matthew M. Stirling, Discovering the New World: Oldest Dated Work of Man,, W. Hayes III, The African Presence in America Before Columbus,. It makes a convincing case for pre-Columbian contacts between Africa and America before the era of the slave trade. These were the first Negroes that had been seen in the Indies.4 Peter Martyr, the first prominent European historian of the New World, stated that the Black men seen by Balboa and his companions were shipwrecked Africans who had taken refuge in the local mountains.5, Father Fray Gregoria Garcia, a priest of the Dominican order who spent nine years in Peru during the early sixteenth century, identified an island off of Cartagena, Columbia as the place where the Spanish first found Black people in the New World. The growing body of evidence is now becoming simply too loud to ignore. endobj Collossol Afro-Olmec head of basalt wearing Nubian type war helmet, circa 1100 B.C. African Presence in Early America Ivan Van Sertima 4.60 58 ratings1 review This volume presents what is presently known about the links between Africa and America before the age of Columbus. [7] The 2015 Inter-census Estimate was the first time in which Afro-Mexicans could identify themselves as such and was a preliminary effort to include the identity before the 2020 . In 1994 they published his address in Race, Discourse and the Origin of the Americas: A New World View of 1492. The first of these paintings by the Yuan court artist Liu Guandao in 1280,. Pre-Columbus civilization in the Americas had its foundation built by Africans and developed by the ingenuity of Native Americans. African American history began with slavery, as white European settlers first brought Africans to the continent to serve as enslaved workers. Privateering, colonial expansion and the African presence in Early Anglo-Dutch Settlements 2. He was considered one of the African Christian martyrs. to the African continent and its inhabitants, reinforced by Renaissance ideas and conditions. THE PRESENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN SCHOLARSHIP IN EARLY, THE AFRICAN PRESENCE IN ANCIENT AMERICA REVISITED WITH RUNOKO RASHIDI An exciting new DVD by Runoko Rashidi! except a strong Negroid substratum connected with the Magicians [Olmecs]., Any objective analysis of the evidence clearly shows that Black people reached the Americas thousands of years before Columbus. Garikai Chengu is a scholar at Harvard University. Pyramid construction is highly specialized. The New York African Burial Ground reports. Download full-text PDF Download full-text PDF Read full-text. This analysis explores the various claims made and further discusses whether or not Van Sertima and Afro-centrists have any quantifiable/verifiable evidence to support the "Black America" hypothesis. The Portuguese, Kongo and Ndongo and the origins of Atlantic Creole culture to 1607 3. African Presence in Early Asia Google Books Conspicuous among these shared elements are those adopted by the monarchies in both civilizations, and appear in a combination too arbitrary and unique to be independently duplicated.35 They include the following: The double crown, the royal flail, the sacred boat or ceremonial bark of the kings, the religious value of the color purple and its special use among priests and people of high rank; the artificial beard, feathered fans and the parasol or ceremonial umbrella. I ask you: Are you ready for the showdown? As Columbus Day (October 12) approaches and as we celebrate the 40th anniversary of the publication of They Came Before Columbus by the late Rutgers University professor, Ivan Van Sertima, we must reveal to the world the grandeur of Africa by highlighting the achievements of some of its great navigators and rulers. Runoko Rashidied, African Presence in Early Asia, US, Transaction Publishers, 1995. ed. Nearly a dozen other European explorers also found Black people in the Americas when they reached the Western Hemisphere. Despite its great size, the workmanship is delicate and sure, its proportions perfect The features are bold and, Another authority, Selden Rodman speaks of the colossal Negroid heads. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Villacorta, has written: Any way you view it, Mexican civilization had its origin in Africa., Cleared of the surrounding earth, it [the colossal head] presented an awe-inspiring spectacle. The great ancient civilizations of Egypt and West Africa traveled to the Americas, contributing immensely to early American civilization by importing the art of pyramid building, political systems and religious practices as well as mathematics, writing and a sophisticated calendar. According to Von Wuthenau, [t]he startling fact is that in all parts of Mexico, from Campeche in the east to the southeast of Guerrero, and from Chiapas, next to the Guatemalan border, to the Panuco River in the Huasteca region (north of Veracruz) archeological pieces representing Negro or Negroid people have been found, especially in archaic or pre-classic sites. An overwhelming body of new evidence is emerging which proves that Africans had frequently sailed across the Atlantic to the Americas, thousands of years before Columbus and indeed before Christ. CIIS Library Database. In addition to Mexican scholars, a number of others have described the colossal stone heads in terms similar to those of Melgar. In fact, in 445 BC, the Greek historian Herodotus wrote of the Ancient Egyptian pharaohs great seafaring and navigational skills. They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America. It makes a convincing case for pre-Columbian contacts between Africa and America before the era of the slave trade. The existence of foregone lost civilizations is an established fact. 2 0 obj He edited the Journal of African Civilizations, which has greatly changed the way in which African history and culture are taught and studied. Sun 17 September 2017 16:00 - 19:00. Further concrete evidence, noted by Dr. Imhotep and largely ignored by Euro-centric archaeologists, includes Egyptian artifacts found across North America from the Algonquin writings on the East Coast to the artifacts and Egyptian place names in the Grand Canyon.. This paper can be related to the large and influential literature on the role of African Americans, one of the largest of the many ethnic groups in the United States. Ranging up to 11.15 feet in height and weighing 30 to 40 tons, these statues generally depict helmeted Black men with large eyes, broad fleshy noses and full lips. Black Jews of Africa History Religion Identity Oxford Nessuna recensione trovata nei soliti posti. DuBois Fellow at Harvard Uni- . The Olmec an African Presence in Early America I have never claimed, writes Van Sertima, that Africans created or founded the Olmec civilizationThey left a significant influence upon itand that is more than can be said of any other Old World group visiting the native American or emigrating to the continent before Columbus.34, A study of the Olmec civilization reveals elements that are remarkably similar to the ritual traits and techniques in the Egypto-Nubian world of the same period. He is the author or editor of eighteen books, the most recent of which . The information presented on this page and in the brochure is explored at greater length in Fishers' Discovering Early California Afro-Latino Presence (Heyday Books, 2010). In the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) founded by Kubilai Khan, the Black presence is visible in a number of notable paintings. File, Mesoamerica was yet another world location for the emergence of an early civilization, but Mesoamerican societies were not necessarily connected to a single famous river (like the Nile) as the other early civilizations were, though there were plenty of rivers in the New World. BLACK CIVILIZATIONS OF ANCIENT AMERICA (MUU-LAN), MEXICO (XI), Stone carving of a Shaman or priest from Columbia's San Agustine Culture, An ancient West African Oni or King holding similar artifacts as the San Agustine culture stone carving of a Shaman, Meso-American pyramid with stepped appearance, built about 2500 years ago, Stepped Pyramid of Sakkara, Egypt, built over four thousand years ago, compare to Meso-American pyramid. What cultural impact did the outsiders have on American civilization?29 It would appear that the impact of the African explorers on the New World as a whole was widespread, profound and enduring. In Egypt there are numerous sculptures depicting four figurines symbolically holding up the sky. . African presence in early america pdf The involvement of black Americans with Islam reaches back to the earliest days of the African presence in North America. After all, history will tell you that seafaring is the quintessential European achievement, the single endeavor of which Europeans are awfully proud. Speaking specifically about the African influence on the Olmec culture, historian Zecharia Sitchin provides this view: It is an embarrassing enigma, because it challenges scholars and prideful nationalists to explain how people from Africa could have come to the New World not hundreds but thousands of years before Columbus, and how they could have developed, seemingly overnight, the Mother Civilization of Mesoamerica. The Secret Relationship Between Blacks & Jews: NOW AVAILABLE! Ancient sea-going vessel used by the Egyptians and Nubians in ancient times. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The case for African contacts with pre-Columbian America, in spite of a number of understandable gaps and a few minor elements of contestable data, is no longer based on the fanciful conjecture and speculation of romantics. Runoko Rashidi is an anthropologist and historian with a major focus on what he calls the Global African Presence-that is, Africans outside of Africa before and after enslavement. What makes the Tres Zapotes, La Venta and other Olmec sites unique is that the artifacts are similar in nature to artifacts and icons of the Mycenaean, the Malinke-Mande/Bambara and the Shang. Revealing the African Presence in Renaissance Europe is the first exhibition to bring together a wide variety of works of art in diverse mediums that bear witness to the multiple aspects of the African presence in Europe in the Age of Exploration. For, whether we accept the facts or not, Jairazbhoy appears to have been right when he wrote: The black began his career in America not as slave but as master.48. Gigantic stone head of Afro-Olmec (Xi People) of ancient Mexico, circa 1100 B.C. The Centre for Research on Globalization will not be responsible for any inaccurate or incorrect statement in this article. Sertima, who published his book They Came before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America in I976.7. Throughout all of these travels, African explorers have not had a history of starting devastating wars on the people they met. In this book, Ivan Van Sertima explores his theory that Africans made landfall and had significant influence on the native peoples of Mesoamerica, primarily the Olmec civilization. The volume is profusely illustrated. Further Reading "African American History in the American West." Ivan Van Sertima. and the The Olmec an African Presence in Early America zoz Bernard Ortiz de Montellano, Gabriel Haslip-Viera, and Warren Barbour . His topic will be "The African Presence in Ancient America" at BCC's Davie campus at 11 a.m., and he will be the featured speaker at the "Africa and the Diaspora" program scheduled for 1 to 5 p.m . African Presence in Early Europe (1985) places into perspective the role of the African in world civilization, in particular the little-known contributions to the advancement of Europe with a . South American cocaine from Erythroxylon coca and nicotine from Nicotiana tabacum. The name Olmec means Dweller in the land of Rubber and could technically be applied to anyone who lived in the jungle areas of the Mexican Gulf Coast in antiquity. Dr. Runoko Rashidi, They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient Ancient African historian Professor Van Sertima has illustrated how Olmecs were the first Mesoamerican civilization to use a written language, sophisticated astronomy, arts and mathematics and they built the first cities in Mexico, all of which greatly influenced the Mayans and subsequent civilizations in the Americas. AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA, At fourth grade, African-American boys score about 30 points lower than white boys and the gap increases to close to 40 points by eighth grade. 183. A collection of essays by African American public intellectuals which have appeared in The Atlantic Monthly over the years. We cannot of course reproach the author with what he could not know in 1976. The African Presence in Early A sia. 168. MAA MAAT CENTRE. Clearly, Africans helped civilize America well before Europeans discovered America, and well before Europeans claim to have civilized Africa. Black History, American History. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. The contributors draw upon the evidence of cultures in private collections and findings from excavations, and evidence of ancient African mathematics, astronomy, map-making, scripts, navigations, trade routes, pyramidal structures, linguistic connections, and technological and ritual complexes. For instance, ancient portraits of the Quetzalcoatl, a messiah serpent god, and Ek-ahua, the god of war, are unquestionably Negro with dark skin and wooly hair. %PDF-1.5 endobj The unknown element is to the extent of population coverage, acculturation, architecture, and intercontinental travel. We are making such material available to our readers under the provisions of "fair use" in an effort to advance a better understanding of political, economic and social issues. The Olmec civilization, which was of African origin and dominated by Africans, was the first significant civilization in Mesoamerica and the Mother Culture of Mexico. The zigzag policies of the Popes from Martin V to Paul III is well documented, with successive bulls prohibiting the African slave trade (1425) and black slavery (1462), then allowing the trade with captive people (1455, 1456, 1493), and finally condemning the enslavement of native American people (1537), while the citizens of Rome were . The strongest evidence of African presence in America before Columbus comes from the pen of Columbus himself. The outcome, I believe, is a comprehensive explanation of why and how the African slave trade expanded to unprecedented levels during the early modern period. Islam in the African-American Experience Second Edition What is the significance of this meeting of Africans and Native Americans? to 1100 B.C. The Olmec an African Presence in Early America A clear indicator of pre-Columbus African trans-Atlantic travel is the recent archeological findings of narcotics native to America in Ancient Egyptian mummies, which have astounded contemporary historians. Rev. The Centre of Research on Globalization grants permission to cross-post Global Research articles on community internet sites as long the source and copyright are acknowledged together with a hyperlink to the original Global Research article. The currents off Africa serve as veritable conveyor belts to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the northeastern corner of South America. When the feasibility of African crossings of the Atlantic was not proven and the archaeological evidence undated and unknown, we could in all innocence ignore the most startling of coincidences. The Ancient Ancestors of Egypt and West Africa traveled to Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Out of Stock. Similarities across early American and African religions also indicate significant cross-cultural contact. Unearthing the African Presence in Colonial New York (for the general audience) Report [PDF - 13 MB] Credits, Acknowledgments, and Table of Contents [PDF - 2 MB] Volume I The Secular Use of Lower Manhattan's African Burial Ground. Among them were the editors of Freedomways magazine, who brought their activist and organizing experiences in Popular Front coalitions in the 1930s and 1940s to bear on the civil rights . Mayan and African oral traditions speak of pre-Columbian expeditions across the Atlantic from east to west;41 and the modern explorer, Thor Heyerdahl, has demonstrated that ships modeled after the ancient Egyptian papyrus boat could indeed successfully make such a journey.42 Other Africans also built sturdy, seaworthy ships.43, Who, then, were the Africans who sailed to America in antiquity? The book is divided into six parts: The First Europeans: African Presence in the Ancient Mediterranean Isles and Mainland Greece; Africans in the European Religious Hierarchy (madonnas, saints and popes); African Presence in Western Europe; African Presence in Northern Europe; African Presence in Eastern Europe. The Black Experience in Colonial Latin America Latin brilliantly [demonstrates] has that there is far more to black history than the slave trade."John A. Williams They Came Before Columbus reveals a compelling, dramatic, and superbly detailed documentation of the presence and legacy of Africans in ancient America. copyright owner. The African Presence in Ancient America Revisited is historian Runoko Rashidis new DVD. This is no longer possible. Alex Stevens they way africans view africa is the correct way, just a place on the other side of the continent. The unmistakable face and handprint of black Africans in pre-Columbian America, and their overwhelming impact on the civilizations they encountered is undeniable. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. In the 21st century, some people who identify as Afro-Mexicans are the children and grandchildren of naturalized Black immigrants from Africa and the Caribbean. In schools up and down the country, little children are taught that a heroic Italian explorer discovered America, and various events and parades are held to celebrate the occasion. Become Member of I think it is due, at this point, to spend some time entering in details about these two deities, who were secondary characters at Sumer, but preheminent deities in Mesoamerica and Southamerica. Conspicuous among these shared elements are those adopted by the monarchies in both civilizations, and appear in a combination too arbitrary and unique to be independently duplicated.. I reflected that there had undoubtedly been Blacks in this country and this had been in the first epoch of the world. He also appeared before a Congressional Committee on July 7, 1987 to challenge the Columbus myth. She is also W.E.B. Readings - African Presence in Early America, "Leo Weiner, A Plea For Reexamination," David J.M. There is not the slightest doubt that all later civilizations in [Mexico and Central America], rest ultimately on an Olmec base, once remarked Michael Coe, a leading historian on Mexico. The greatest threat towards Africa having a glorious future is her peoples ignorance of Africas glorious past. AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA, United States guidelines Step-by-step Tutorials, Michael brown processus de la presence pdf, the presence of the past rupert sheldrake pdf, Introduction dun document comme preuve en labsence de lauteur, Cisco telepresence conductor administrator guide, Gc 178 leave application and absence report. In using standard scientific measurements of skull shape and the formation of the face, Wiercinski found a clear prevalence of the total Negroid pattern26, In this same vein, historian Frederick Peterson has written that [w]e can trace the progress of man in Mexico without noting any definite Old World influence during this period (1000-650 B.C.) The great ancient civilizations of Egypt and West Africa traveled to the Americas, contributing immensely to early American civilization by importing the art of pyramid building, political systems and religious practices as well as mathematics, writing and a sophisticated calendar. Notes on Mesoamerican Civilization, Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System predating the Anglo American presence; however, in 1847, Mexico lost approximately half of its territory to the United States. Father Fray Gregoria Garcia, a priest of the Dominican order who spent nine years in Peru during the early sixteenth century, identified an island off of Cartagena, Columbia as the place where the Spanish first found Black people in the New World. This phase of its history is called the Harappan, the name being derived from Harappa, one of the earliest known Indus Valley cities. Part I of the book explores these roots in the Middle East, West Africa, and antebellum America. A number of black leftists survived the most repressive years of the early Cold War to participate in the post-war African American civil rights movement. 3 examine factors that can contribute to early resilience. Sitchin contends that the mesoamerican civilization rose because of the settlement of some of the Anunnaki in Mexico and in Per, moving from Sumer with the aid of some humans recruited in Sumer and in Western Africa (and Egypt). German toxicologist, Svetla Balabanova, reported findings of cocaine and nicotine in ancient Egyptian mummies. In an oral tradition recorded in the Titulo Coyoi, a major document of the Maya, the parasol is specifically mentioned as having been brought to the New World by foreigners who traveled by sea from the east.36, The Indian scholar, Rafique Jairazbhoy, has studied the ancient Egyptians and the Olmecs in great detail and has pointed to many other ritual parallels between the two groups. Europeans claim to have civilized Africa Americas when they reached the Western Hemisphere Olmec an African Presence Early. & quot ; speaks to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the African in. Of Atlantic Creole culture to 1607 3 examine factors that can contribute to Early resilience Africans to the to... Of these paintings by the ingenuity of Native Americans south America essays by African American history with. 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